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2021 Oct 400-101 ccie routing and switching pdf:

Q571. Which two statements about VRRP are true? (Choose two.) 

A. It is assigned multicast address 224.0.0.18. 

B. The TTL for VRRP packets must be 255. 

C. It is assigned multicast address 224.0.0.9. 

D. Its IP protocol number is 115. 

E. Three versions of the VRRP protocol have been defined. 

F. It supports both MD5 and SHA1 authentication. 

Answer: A,B 


Q572. Refer to the exhibit. 

AS #1 and AS #2 have multiple EBGP connections with each other. AS #1 wants all return traffic that is destined to the prefix 10.10.10.1/32 to enter through the router R1 from AS #2. 

In order to achieve this routing policy, the AS 1 advertises a lower MED from R1, compared to a higher MED from R3, to their respective BGP neighbor for the prefix 10.10.10.0/24. Will this measure guarantee that the routing policy is always in effect? 

A. Yes, because MED plays a deterministic role in return traffic engineering in BGP. 

B. Yes, because a lower MED forces BGP best-path route selection in AS #2 to choose R1 as the best path for 10.10.10.0/24. 

C. Yes, because a lower MED in AS #2 is the highest BGP attribute in BGP best-path route selection. 

D. No, AS #2 can choose to alter the weight attribute in R2 for BGP neighbor R1, and this weight value is cascaded across AS #2 for BGP best-path route selection. 

E. No, AS #2 can choose to alter the local preference attribute to overwrite the best-path route selection over the lower MED advertisement from AS #1. This local preference attribute is cascaded across AS #2 for the BGP best-path route selection. 

Answer: E 

Explanation: 

MED and AS path prepending can both be used to influence the way incoming traffic from other Autonomous Systems get sent to the local AS, but they provide no guarantee as the other AS ultimately has the final word in how they send traffic. Since local preference is preferred over MED in the BGP decision process, the other AS can configure local preference to override the MED settings you have configured. 


Q573. Which two statements are true about IPv6 multicast? (Choose two.) 

A. Receivers interested in IPv6 multicast traffic use IGMPv6 to signal their interest in the IPv6 multicast group. 

B. The PIM router with the lowest IPv6 address becomes the DR for the LAN. 

C. An IPv6 multicast address is an IPv6 address that has a prefix of FF00::/8. 

D. The IPv6 all-routers multicast group is FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2. 

Answer: C,D 

Explanation: 

Multicast addresses in IPv6 have the prefix ff00::/8. 

Well-known IPv6 multicast addresses 

Address 

Description 

ff02::1 

All nodes on the local network segment 

ff02::2 

All routers on the local network segment 

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_address 


Q574. On a broadcast interface, which two OSPF states support BFD sessions? (Choose two.) 

A. DR 

B. BDR 

C. DROTHER 

D. 2WAY 

E. FULL 

F. ACTIVE 

Answer: A,B 


Q575. Which statement about the NHRP network ID is true? 

A. It is sent from the spoke to the hub to identify the spoke as a member of the same NHRP domain. 

B. It is sent from the hub to the spoke to identify the hub as a member of the same NHRP domain. 

C. It is sent between spokes to identify the spokes as members of the same NHRP domain. 

D. It is a locally significant ID used to define the NHRP domain for an interface. 

Answer: D 

Explanation: 

The NHRP network ID is used to define the NHRP domain for an NHRP interface and differentiate between multiple NHRP domains or networks, when two or more NHRP domains (GRE tunnel interfaces) are available on the same NHRP node (router). The NHRP network ID is used to help keep two NHRP networks (clouds) separate from each other when both are configured on the same router. The NHRP network ID is a local only parameter. It is significant only to the local router and it is not transmitted in NHRP packets to other NHRP nodes. For this reason the actual value of the NHRP network ID configured on a router need not match the same NHRP network ID on another router where both of these routers are in the same NHRP domain. As NHRP packets arrive on a GRE interface, they are assigned to the local NHRP domain in the NHRP network ID that is configured on that interface. 

Reference: 

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_4/ip_addr/configuration/guide/hadnhrp.html 


Most up-to-date cisco 400-101:

Q576. DRAG DROP 

Drag and drop the BGP attribute on the left to the correct category on the right. 

Answer: 


Q577. Refer to the exhibit. 

Your organization has two offices, Site 1 and Site 2, which are connected by a provider 

backbone, as shown. Where must you configure an attachment circuit to allow the two sites to connect over a Layer 2 network using L2TPv3? 

A. PE Site 1 Fa1/0 and PE Site 2 Fa0/0 

B. CE Site 1 Fa0/0 and CE Site 2 Fa0/0 

C. PE Site 1 Se0/0 and PE Site 2 Se0/0 

D. CE Site 1 Fa0/0 and PE Site 2 Se0/0 

Answer: A 


Q578. What is the cause of ignores and overruns on an interface, when the overall traffic rate of the interface is low? 

A. a hardware failure of the interface 

B. a software bug 

C. a bad cable 

D. microbursts of traffic 

Answer: D 

Explanation: 

Micro-bursting is a phenomenon where rapid bursts of data packets are sent in quick succession, leading to periods of full line-rate transmission that can overflow packet buffers of the network stack, both in network endpoints and routers and switches inside the network. Symptoms of micro bursts will manifest in the form of ignores and/ or overruns (also shown as accumulated in “input error” counter within show interface output). This is indicative of receive ring and corresponding packet buffer being overwhelmed due to data bursts coming in over extremely short period of time (microseconds). You will never see a sustained data traffic within show interface’s “input rate” counter as they are averaging bits per second (bps) over 5 minutes by default (way too long to account for microbursts). You can understand microbursts from a scenario where a 3-lane highway merging into a single lane at rush hour – the capacity burst cannot exceed the total available bandwidth (i.e. single lane), but it can saturate it for a period of time. 

Reference: http://ccieordie.com/?tag=micro-burst 


Q579. Which three options are three of the default EIGRP administrative distances? (Choose three.) 

A. Internal, 90 

B. External, 170 

C. Summary, 5 

D. Outside Local, 100 

E. Inside Local, 180 

F. Inside Global, 1 

Answer: A,B,C 

Explanation: 

The following table lists the default administrative distances for various routing protocols used on Cisco routers. 

Routing Protocol 

Administrative distance 

Directly connected interface 

0 

Static route out an interface 

1 

Static route to next-hop address 

1 

DMNR - Dynamic Mobile Network Routing 

3 

EIGRP summary route 

5 

External BGP 

20 

Internal EIGRP 

90 

IGRP 

100 

OSPF 

110 

IS-IS 

115 

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 

120 

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) 

140 

On Demand Routing (ODR) 

160 

External EIGRP 

170 

Internal BGP 

200 

Floating Static Route (ex. DHCP-learned) 

254 

Unknown 

255 

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_distance 


Q580. Which two statements about LDP advertising when Explicit Null is in effect are true? (Choose two.) 

A. Penultimate hop popping is disabled. 

B. Penultimate hop popping is enabled. 

C. It is the default behavior for LDP. 

D. It is used for the advertisement of static routes. 

E. It is used for the advertisement of connected routes. 

Answer: A,E